Spring vs Struts – Differentiating Struts and Spring

Last Updated on September 4, 2022 by Rashid Hassan

In this article, we are going to see about spring vs Struts in an easy manner. Spring and struts are one of the Frameworks in Java. Let us get into the article.

Differentiating Struts from Spring

• Spring is also known as the Spring framework, and it is utilized by the Java platform or Java language. Inversion of control (IOC) and dependency injection are implemented using it, which is also known as an application framework, by Java applications (DI). Web application development uses the capabilities of the Spring framework.
•  Pivotal Software created the Spring framework. It was first made available in 2002. Java was used to create it. Only platforms using the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) are supported. Cross-platform operating systems are supported. Cross-platform operating systems are supported. Developers can take advantage of several benefits offered by the Spring platform when creating applications, such as the ability to execute Java methods locally or remotely in database transactions and remote procedures without having to deal with transaction APIs.
• Struts are said to be an open-source framework for creating web applications with a Java programming language. It uses MVC design and extends the Java Servlet API. It allows you to develop online applications that are flexible, expandable, and maintainable using JSP pages, JavaBeans, and XML.
• Struts have key features such as theme and template support, configurable MVC components, POJO-based actions, AJAX support, integration support, multiple result types, and varied tag support. Its fundamental elements include OGNL, interceptors, Value stack, action context, and action invocation. The Struts architecture is made up of a controller, Action proxy, Action mapper, Configuration Manager, Action invocation, Interceptor, Action, Result, etc.
• Both struts and springs have various functionality or ways of functioning. Spring Core is required to execute Spring MVC, which is a model-view architecture where the dispatcher servlet manages the entire workflow. But with struts, an action object is used to take the object and process it. One of the most potent Java application frameworks, strut, may be applied to numerous Java applications. Dependency injection is used by Spring to simplify and improve testability.

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Important distinctions between springs and struts

• Since both Spring and Struts are common options on the market, let’s talk about some of the key differences:
• The non-invasive nature of the Spring framework is demonstrated by the fact that a developer is not required to extend or implement any classes or interfaces provided by the Spring API. As an invasive framework, Struts requires developers to extend classes from the basic classes given by the struts API.
• Basic HTML form tags are provided by Spring MVC, while many other JSF-inspired sophisticated and composite tags are provided by Struts.
• The benefits of the Spring framework, such as transaction management, messaging support, and support for integration with other frameworks, have led to its popularity. The tag library, which is widely used in the industry and simple to combine with other client-side technologies, has excellent support in the Strut framework, which is why it is so popular.
• For examining components, Spring supports JSP, Velocity, Free Maker, Excel, and PDF. Only JSP can view components thanks to Struts.
• More handler mappings are available with Spring MVC. Action mappings are used instead of particular handler mappings by Struts.
• Struts mix the controller and the model while Spring separates the model, view, and controller into separate modules.
• Middleware services like transaction, logging, connection pooling, etc. are provided by Spring by default. No built-in middleware services are provided by Struts.
• Struts explicitly set classes, while Spring provided the containers by activating classes.
• Comparatively, Spring MVC code is simpler to test. The code written in Strut is less stable than Springs.
• While struts make it challenging to easily interact with different frameworks, spring provides distinct layers that make this possible.

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Performance comparison

• Both Spring and Struts have unique capabilities and are frequently used for creating web applications. Although struts are more effective than spring framework, spring framework can occasionally add complexity whereas struts keep things simple thanks to their straightforward and maintainable architecture. Compared to struts, the spring framework offers more capabilities. The major reasons why Spring MVC is chosen are its increased performance and security. Struts are not currently being upgraded, although the spring framework is. 
• The spring framework is utilized on many different platforms since it is very versatile and offers greater performance.
• Due to its independent layer architecture and the distinct distinction between model, view, and controller, the Spring framework has been outperforming struts in online applications. One of the best approaches to safeguard the application is via spring security. The REST API, client-server model, service-oriented architecture (SOA), and database handling are all developed using Spring MVC. In comparison to struts, the Spring MVC framework is more effective at handling requests.

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Conclusion

• Both Spring and Struts are substantial and broad Java frameworks. Only one spring MVC module exists in the spring framework, yet strut is used to create enterprise web applications. Although the business domain and logic are not implemented using a framework by Spring, the developers still write a controller and view for the application. The fundamental purpose of Spring MVC is to build reliable applications.
• In comparison to spring, the strut architecture offers a simpler design and makes plug-in usage more convenient. Additionally, Strut made the action form and annotations simpler. It has many more features than tags. Strut is easier to use because it supports AJAX and has various view options. In spring MVC, controllers are constructed only once, saved in memory, and shared among all requests, as opposed to struts, where actions are produced or started each time a request is made. The framework might be chosen based on the needs of the customer or the resources that are available.

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